Health Molecular Biology Techniques

Question: Discuss about theHealthfor Molecular Biology Techniques. Answer: Introduction The use of molecular biology techniques has been widely adopted since the inception of DNA technology. Therefore scientists have been using various methods employing the DNA and the genes to provide solutions to the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare needs. The peptide nucleic acid method is preferred because it is less time consuming than the oligonucleotide techniques. However, the peptide nucleic acid method requires the use of laboratory reagents that are very expensive. Some factors which affect the success of in situ hybridization are the temperatures used, the length of time taken and the concentration of the reagents. This paper explores a research carried out to make an in situ hybridization protocol and make a comparison between the oligonucleotide probes and use of peptide nucleic acid probes methods. Optimizing the Temperatures Under normal circumstances, the in situ hybridization is good when carried out at room temperatures. In this article, various temperatures such as 37, 55 and 65? were explored. At the 37, the slides containing the tissues stained well indicating brown signals which were more than the experiment carried out at room temperature. At 55 ? the signals were more than the 37 ?but the background was not clear, while at 65 ?, stained poorly and the brown signal was not clear enough while the background was poor. The variations I the clarity of the brown signal and the background indicate that the temperatures in oligonucleotide hybridization could be optimized. Therefore it was suggested that the optimal temperatures were between 37 and 55 ? and hence the average of the range was taken as 45 ?. Incubation Time for Proteinase K The proteinase K is used for maintaining the morphology of cells and aids in the tissue digestion so that the access by the hybridization probes as well as the linker antibodies can be achieved. Under standard conditions, the incubation period for proteinase K should be thirty minutes at room temperature. In this case, the ten, fifteen and twenty minutes incubation periods were investigated. Both time ranges were able to produce brow signals but at different intensities. The twenty minutes incubation produced a browner signal than the fifteen minutes which in turn had a stronger brown signal than the ten minutes incubation. However, the thirty minutes period had the strongest brown signal but above thirty minutes can be time-consuming and cause the rapture of the cells being investigated. Optimized Temperatures at Different Periods Time The time allowed for the whole process of in situ hybridization is very crucial. This because there is an existing evidence that specific binding actually requires more time than a nonspecific binding of the reactant in order to attain a state of equilibrium. This would then mean that a longer period of hybridization is mostly preferred. However, the hybridization time mostly depends on several factors such as the methods of detection, accessibility of the DNA by the probes, the length of the probe as well as the rate of the diffusion of the coefficients. The standard in situ hybridization protocols requires a hybridization period of two hours at room temperature. In this article, one hour and two hours were investigated but at different temperature intervals of room temperature, 37, 45 and 55 ?. At a period of one hour at room temperature and 37, the signals were very weak. However, at 45 and 55, the signals were strong as compared to the room temperatures and 37 for the same period of time. This means that it is possible to get positive in situ hybridization at low time intervals. When the time was increased to two hours, the intensity of the signal was higher as compared to the one-hour time frame. However in this case, at 45 ?, more intense brown signals and background was observed as compared to the room temperature, 37 and 55 ?. This is logical because in the temperature optimization, a temperature range of 37 to 55 ? had been considered and an average of 45 ? had been arrived at. The investigator performed the in situ hybridization for different lengths of time such as half an hour, one hour, one and a half hours and two hours to find out whether the time could be reduced. It was found out that for half an hour at 45 ? and for one and a half hours at 55 ?, similar in situ hybridization results as in the two hours at 45 were obtained. It was noted that for half an hour at 45 or 55 ?, the hybridization time was reduced with a production of strong brown signals. Thus when the time period is reduced, the temperatures can be increased so as to get strong signa ls in oligonucleotide in situ hybridization. Use of Water In standard methods, the diethylprocarbonate solution is used as an alkylating agent to inactivate any proteins which could be present in the reactants. In this case, tap water and distilled water were tested. The tap water indicated a weak signal and a lot of background staining while the distilled water showed a strong signal with a little background staining. This means that even distilled water can be used in place of diethylpyrocarbonate during oligonucleotide in situ hybridization. The Concentration Incubation Period of Stringent Wash Buffer The stringent wash buffer is used to prevent the possibility of nonspecific binding of the oligonucleotide probes. The standard concentration is 2** for thirty minutes. In this optimization, a concentration of 4** was used for varied periods of time which were, ten, fifteen twenty and thirty minutes. The incubation period of ten minutes gave bad results while the fifteen, twenty and thirty minutes gave similar results with a lot of background staining. Therefore a high concentration leads to background staining while a short period causes nonspecific staining. This means that a 2** concentration for thirty minutes is still the preferred condition. Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes The use of peptide nucleic acid probes is preferred because they are modified probes which mimic the DNA. Their modification enhances the binding capacity as opposed to the oligonucleotide. Several tissues such as the thymus, liver and bone tissues investigated to determine the binding capacities of the two probes. In the liver tissue, both probes had a good staining although the peptide nucleic acid probe had a cleaner staining. In the bone tissue, the oligonucleotide probe had a negative result while the peptide nucleic acid probe had a positive staining. The thymus tissue had a positive staining when both probes were used although the peptide nucleic acid had a stronger staining making the microscopic examination hard. It was concluded that the peptide nucleic acid Peptide nucleic acid probe is more preferable because of its intense staining properties as well as the short time taken. However, with the optimization of the in situ protocols, the oligonucleotide probe can be used to achieve the same efficiency as the peptide nucleic acid probes. Conclusion The optimization reports that incubation period is efficient when reduced from two hours to thirty minutes. The distilled water can be used instead of the diethylprocarbonate solution. The temperature ranges were found to be between 37 and 55 ? while the oligonucleotide probes can be used due with the optimized conditions.

Who is Talking About How to Write a College Essay Samples and Why You Should Be Concerned

Who is Talking About How to Write a College Essay Samples and Why You Should Be Concerned There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Now you must sift through all your notes to discover the three to five things that actually speak to you. Map out what you're likely to write by creating an outline. The huge pothole on Elm Street that my mother was able to hit each day on the best way to school would be filled-in. Now things started to get really intriguing. Since writing a profile essay can seem to be a tedious activity to some, ensuring that you've got the most suitable info, subject and knowing the right means to write will provide you with a much easier experience. One of the greatest methods to do so is to use proofreaders that are simply available everywhere. Both examples manage the identical theme (sick parent) but utilize var ious approaches. Life, Death and How to Write a College Essay Samples Writing an in depth essay about an individual or entity is quite easy since you have all of the essential resources and data available. Perhaps you are reluctant to find help because you were once conned by means of a scam on-line help. Following that, you must cover the order. It's very beneficial to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. The Supreme Approach for How to Write a College Essay Samples You'll observe a similar structure in a number of the essays. Figure out what you would like to say. The Common Application's individual essay enables a student to compose a single essay for many colleges. To attain this, the Sample Essays can provide the much-needed guidelines. Students are often asked to explain the reason why they want to know more about a specific school or academic field in these supplemental essays, which are generally shorter than the most important essay. The rules for writing a superb essay are the same. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. The single most essential part of your essay preparation might be simply making certain you truly understand the question or essay prompt. Oftentimes, the most effective essay topic is one which lets a number of your imperfections seep through. The trick to writing a wonderful profile essay is to pick a personal profile essay example of an entertaining subject. Before you even begin writing the content of your college essay, there are a few essay writing basic guide that you always need to remember. If you want more help with profile essays, get in contact with us, and we are going to assign a writer that will help you out. This profile essay example for college should provide you a notion of the way to write. Writing a college essay by selecting an appropriate topic and accomplishing each and every requirement truly is a very painstaking job for you. Usually, searching over the world wide web for free essays can be rather challenging. After you own a topic, it's best to make an outline of ideas. To accomplish this, brainstorm on topics which you are passionate about. How to Write a College Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained College life can help you discover yourself as you learn new things each and every day, these are a few of the things you cannot accomplish without going to college. We'll deal with them, and for a fair price, as we understand that students generally don't have a great deal of money to spare. My experience in college gave me the opportunity to sharpen my skills in the specialty of my selection. Colleges publish lots and a lot of distinct kinds of things, any of which is helpful for research. The Awful Side of How to Write a College Essay Samples Your colleg e essay should contain information that relate to the instruction provided to you. Apart from having an exceptional SAT score, you would have to produce the ideal college essay. Just because you've already written a college essay for a single university doesn't mean that it may also apply on your next applications. Writing a college admission essay can be very tough. If you genuinely desire to acquire admission in a specific college, the College Scholarship Essay Examples can help you in your essay that will demonstrate your desire to go for a college education. Colleges care about the quantities of acceptances deeply, so it might help to understand you're a sure thing. Upcoming college students might also be requested to compose a college essay for a portion of their first requirements.

What Do I Write About in My Topic?

What Do I Write About in My Topic?In my research on topics of poverty I have come across numerous people that have used their topic for the purpose of rehashing this question - 'What do I write about in my topic?'. Some of the topics are not bad but some are very bad, to paraphrase one of my students: 'I read a study and it said we should talk about topics of poverty because that is what people ask us'.I would say that many of the questions that we ask ourselves are very good ways to get some data. But sometimes, when we ask ourselves questions like these, we also tend to raise our voices and display our arrogance. In my opinion it is not very good for a lecturer or a researcher to start a topic in a very arrogant way.The other point that I would like to bring up here is that in some areas of sociology research, even when you ask a very important question or a very difficult question, you cannot really tackle it with confidence. So you cannot just start your research paper with a que stion like this one: 'what do I write about in my topic'. The first thing that comes to your mind is not something that you can answer very easily. You will fail to have some good data, and that will not help in your research process.Why is it so? Because if you just go through your entire topic of research paper, just by talking about the topics of poverty, you will not be able to grasp the problem, because of which you will not be able to grasp the problems of your country.So if you are in the middle of a research paper, ask yourself in a calm manner what you want to know, and give a precise answer. The entire purpose of a research paper is to gather as much data as possible and to find the answers to as many questions that you have.The best approach for a research paper is to just give a brief introduction, and then you will see the solutions. So rather than saying things like 'what do I write about in my topic', do a research paper that starts with a long and detailed introducti on, and then you will know the subject.What is more is that you will be able to come up with more questions, and at the end of the research paper you will be able to really put your finger on what you want to ask your audience, and you will be able to ask them what they want to hear about. I hope this information helps you in some way or the other.

Bennington College Essay Topic

Bennington College Essay TopicAre you looking for a new college essay topic? If so, you will find Bennington College to be the perfect place to submit your essay. In fact, you can find plenty of new topics to choose from in this prestigious college.One of the most important essay topics that any student can submit is their personal statement. If you are planning on doing this yourself, you have to know how to come up with the best one possible. Make sure that you also understand all the requirements to this one essay. Bennington has specific requirements that students must meet, but luckily, there are ways for you to come up with a great personal statement.Before you start on writing your essay, you must give your students some points to consider. You need to give them ideas on why they are studying here, and how they will make the most of it in the future. Some students think that they are going to gain some sort of professional advantage from going to college, and so they have to s how their future employers that they will go to college because they want to do well.It is true that students who are willing to go to college do better in school. If you know about this, you will know that the success of your essay lies on what you choose to write.When you are planning on writing an essay, you should focus on being as organized as possible. This is because you will need to organize all the papers that you submit. So make sure that you organize your papers and get everything done on time.Once you have an idea of how you will write your essay, it will be easier for you to figure out how you will arrange your papers for submission. There are many resources that you can use to help you. Try to figure out how much space you have available and start organizing things.Finally, once you have all your papers organized, it will be much easier for you to write your essay. As long as you follow the tips above, you will have an amazing essay in no time.

Crusaders Essay The Grade Sample - Get Your Children Through High School

Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample - Get Your Children Through High SchoolWith Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample, you are not only guaranteed to get the academic details of the students, but also to a great deal of fun. Now you have more than one option to choose from, so that you can actually get your Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample. Many students are confused by the fact that the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample is not free.It is a long course, which you can take in advance. In that, you will be able to ensure that you learn the concept of the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample, and other lessons too. The Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample is a course that helps you learn a great deal about both subjects, but in addition, it also includes some fun games that can make it more exciting for your little student. And for that reason, your little student will absolutely love the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample.How many times have you missed the classes, or not taken the time to learn a certain subject, because you were just too busy? Not only is it hard to learn in the classroom, but it is hard to do it in real life too. Students usually learn best when they are having fun, and they don't want to learn the same subjects in a boring class, and in order to keep your child's interests up, make them learn with Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample. You will always get the full education for less than half the price.Now you will never go wrong when you take Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample because the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample includes fun learning activities to help you learn the subjects. It is an interesting program that your child will never forget and will also encourage them to learn the way you want them to learn, and the most of all, the most fun way possible. The Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample includes fun learning activities, quizzes, tests, and tests that are very challenging and interesting.Because your student will be a little bit older, they will also love learning with the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample because it will show them that you love them just as much as they love you. If your child is a little bit older, they will get even more out of it because they know that you love them.Most of the curriculum, the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample includes two different subjects, namely Reading and Writing, and Arizona High School Curriculum. All your student needs to do is download the study guide and fill out the form. After that, the system will help them with all their problems, and in the end, your student will be a great scholar.These are just a few of the things that you will find in the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample. It will ensure that your student learns more than ever, and at a great pace, and they will even enjoy it, which is the main point of the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample.

The History Of Baseball Cards Essays - Trading Cards, Baseball Cards

The History of Baseball Cards Baseball cards have a very broad history. In the beginning, god made man. Then, man produced........ the baseball card. From 1887 to the present, billions of baseball cards have been produced. Some cards are valued at ten cents, while others, are valued at over one hundred thousand dollars. Since 1887, Baseball cards have been a major part of many people's lives. The Beginning of the baseball card collecting era would lead cards to a path of greatness and immortality. The first baseball cards were made of a cloth like material. Many of these cards were "home made" (SCD)*. No one but the creator of these cards, (there all dead) knows for sure what exactly was used to produce these early cards. This time period started on 1887 and continued on until 1901. The 1887 baseball cards were part of a unique set. Not only did this set contain baseball cards, but it also contained boxing. golf, and horse racing cards. These cards are very high in value because of their rarity and because they are some of the early baseball cards. The common card is worth around $800. All of these cards are common, considering that there were no star athletes back then. There were not many cards sizes during this time period. The only size that I could find was one and a half inches by two inches. There were many company's that manufactured cards during this time period. They were: Mayo Tobacco Works, Buchner, Kimball's, Old Judge, Allen & Ginter, and Goodwin (SCD). These cards are rare, but are not very difficult to obtain if you're willing to pay top dollar. What many collectors call "the golden years of baseball", took place from 1902 until 1935. One reason that collectors call this time period that is because cards took many different changes during this era. Cards were starting to be packaged with Chewing Tobacco, crackerjacks, and Chewing gum. The value of cards during this time period depends on many different factors. A large percent of these cards have misprints (flaws). Because of these misprints, a card may have a higher value than the exact same card because of a misprint. The reason there were so many misprints was because the card industry was just starting to experiment with the printing process (SCD). The most expensive baseball card of all time was produced during this era. That card was the Honus Wagner T-206 produced in 1909. The reason that this card is so expensive is because only 4 of these cards were ever produced. Honus Wagner didn't want kids buying tobacco for the Baseball cards. One of the Wagners sold at an auction recently for 451,500 to Wayne Gretzky (SCD). There were three main sizes of baseball cards during this time period. One of the sizes was the "tobacco" size cards. These cards were one and a half inches by two inches. The second card size was a rectangular sheet of three cards. These were about two inches by five and one fourth inches. The third and final size was a square about two inches by two inches. Cards were packaged with chewing tobacco, cracker jacks, chewing gum, and cigarettes (SCD). Many company's produced cards during this era. Some of the major manufactures were : Piedmont, Soverign, Ramly, Hassan, Mecca and Turkey Red. The T-2.. series is very common at card shows. With the exception of the Honus Wagner, most of these cards can be acquired for a reasonable price. From 1936 until 1960, not much happened in the card collecting era. Three major changes occurred during this time period. The cards themselves changed to a size that would carry them to present time. Also, two ground breaking companies would arrive and last until the 21st century. The value of the 30's and 40's cards is around forty dollars for a semi-star (BKM)*. The value of the 50's cards is a little higher at forty five dollars for the semi- star. Mickey Mantle's rookie is included in the 1952 Bowman set. It is valued at $9,000 . Also, another Mantle , his '52 Topps is worth $35,000 (BKM, SCD, TUFF*). The 60's common cards are worth between one dollar and five dollars. There were two main card sizes from 1936 to 1960.

4 Ways to Spot a Cheater

4 Ways to Spot a Cheater Free Online Research Papers Even as an undergrad I was constantly amazed at the lack of consideration that my class mates would put into their course work. Cheating was obviously their first problem, but this article is less about the questionable ethics of someone that cheats. What always stood out for me was the beautiful combination of bad judgment and terrible Microsoft Word skills. Even more amazing is that I was a computer science student and surrounded by individuals with an amazing aptitude for technology that would often far exceed my own, so what was missing? Group assignments, from my perspective this type of assignment brings out the absolute worst in most people. I am not sure if it is just because when confronted the opportunity to be lazy most people opt in or it is the rare occasion to see how most people go about writing a paper. As a result of this trend I would go as far as to break a 4 person group into 3 authors and 1 editor because inevitably the paper would not have consistent flow without it. The following will outline the 3 most common things that people would do that made it blatantly obvious that they didn’t write their own part. I. Don’t use Wikipedia as a place to copy your entire paper. For one second just accept the fact that you are not the only person on the planet with access to the internet and furthermore you don’t have secret access to Google. I laugh at how lame mot people are when it comes to their ability to search, thinking that results they pulled back are only disclosed to them. II. Answer the question that you are supposed to. A good sign that someone is cheating is that they get the topic right but they don’t really answer the question that being posed to them. If the question is to describe the impact of technology on modern library systems do not hand in 3 pages on the Dewey Decimal System. III. The third and easiest way to point out a cheater is when the â€Å"author† doesn’t even bother changing the font from a web font to the default MS Word font. I mean come on people, how lame do you have to be to think that no one is going to wonder why you used 4 different fonts, and a web font?!? Again, let me point this out again, I was a computer science major so the people I was in classes with were arguably better than average computer users. And still they would turn in papers with web fonts? IV. Avoid turning in papers where the British style of spelling is utilized. Does it not look suspicious when you suddenly begin spelling: Color as Colour Analyze as Analyse Skillful as Skilful Theater as Theatre So at the end of the day avoid being lazy and if you are going to be lazy about writing, do not be lazy about your research. Avoid Wikipedia, answer the question asked of you, consider fonts, and avoid the Kings English. Do these few things and your papers will be better than your classmates. Research Papers on 4 Ways to Spot a CheaterMind TravelStandardized TestingHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsEffects of Television Violence on Children